An on-line UPS uses a "double conversion" method of accepting AC input, rectifying to DC for passing through the rechargeable battery (or battery strings), then inverting back to 120 V/230 V AC for powering the protected equipment.The three general categories of modern UPS systems are on-line, line-interactive and standby: To prevent this, a UPS should be selected not only by capacity, but also by the quality of power that is required by the equipment that is being supplied. Ī UPS unit may also introduce problems with electric power quality. Some manufacturers of UPS units categorize their products in accordance with the number of power-related problems they address. Harmonic distortion, defined as a departure from the ideal sinusoidal waveform expected on the line.Noise, defined as a high frequency transient or oscillation, usually injected into the line by nearby equipment.Momentary or sustained reduction in input voltage.However, most UPS units are also capable in varying degrees of correcting common utility power problems: The primary role of any UPS is to provide short-term power when the input power source fails. The world's largest UPS, the 46-megawatt Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), in Fairbanks, Alaska, powers the entire city and nearby rural communities during outages. UPS units range in size from ones designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor (around 200 volt-ampere rating) to large units powering entire data centers or buildings. Almost all UPSs also contain integrated surge protection to shield the output appliances from voltage spikes.Ī UPS is typically used to protect hardware such as computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. The on-battery run-times of most UPSs are relatively short (only a few minutes) but sufficient to "buy time" for initiating a standby power source or properly shutting down the protected equipment. A UPS differs from a traditional auxiliary/ emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions by switching to energy stored in battery packs, supercapacitors or flywheels. A tower type UPS with one IEC 60320 C14 input and three C13 outlets A large data-center-scale UPS being installed by electriciansĪn uninterruptible power supply ( UPS) or uninterruptible power source is a type of continual power system that provides automated backup electric power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.
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